Food Literacy Scale: Validation through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Portuguese University Students.

Eating behaviors and healthy food choices are associated with food literacy, and they have a huge impact on one's health status. For that reason, to increase food literacy is a way to effectively help individuals make appropriate choices that help maintain health and diminish the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The objective of this work was to test and validate a scale to assess food literacy. The validation was conducted on a sample of 924 Portuguese university students. The scale was composed of 50 items, which were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis. The final validated scale corresponded to a second-order model with a global factor called "Food literacy", which retained 26 items distributed by three factors: F1-literacy about the nutritional composition of foods (10 items), F2-literacy about labelling and food choices (7 items), and F3-literacy about healthy eating practices (9 items). The internal consistency of the scale is very high, with an alpha higher than 0.9, and the Pierson correlations between the three factors and the global are also higher than 0.9. In conclusion, the present scale has been validated and can therefore be utilized to measure food literacy.

Cuidados paliativos pediátricos: Necessidades formativas e estratégias de coping dos profissionais de saúde / Pediatric palliative care:: Educational needs assessment and coping strategies of healthcare providers / Cuidados paliativos pediátricos:: Necesidades formativas y estrategias de coping de los profesionales de la salud

CONTEXTO: Cuidar a criança com doença crónica complexa (DCC), limitante ou ameaçadora de vida é uma tarefa multidimensional, complexa e desafiante. A formação em cuidados paliativos pediátricos (CPP) é indispensável para a qualidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados à criança/família. OBJETIVOS:Identificar as necessidades de formação em CPP e a relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais e com as estratégias de coping adotadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com uma amostra não probabilística de 102 profissionais de saúde, de um hospital público do Centro de Portugal, 92,2% do sexo feminino, com média idade= 39,9 anos; (Dp= 9,6). Utilizou-se um questionário online para caracterização sociodemográfica, a adaptação da escala de Necessidades de Formação em Cuidados Paliativos, (Candeias, 2009) e a Escala de Coping - Brief COPE, de Carver (1997), validada por Pais-Ribeiro & Rodrigues (2004). RESULTADOS: Admitem necessidade moderada de formação em CPP 39,2% dos profissionais e 32,4% alta. Apenas 10,8% já fizeram formação na área, sendo esta a única variável que interferiu nas necessidades de formação. Identificadas 4 dimensões com carências de formação: Conceção dos CPP; aspetos emocionais do cuidar; trabalho em equipa e desenvolvimento de competências em CPP. As estratégias de coping mais frequentemente adotadas variam com o género, categoria e tempo de exercício profissional, sendo maioritariamente viradas para estratégias adaptativas. CONCLUSÕES: Os profissionais identificam áreas de formação com necessidades de investimento e variáveis preditoras dos recursos de coping a adotar, no sentido de encontrar equilíbrio entre as fontes de stresse e a satisfação pessoal e profissional.

BACKGROUND: Caring for children with life-limiting or life-threatening, complex chronic disease (CCD) is a multidimensional, complex and challenging task. Education in Pediatrics Palliative Care (PPC) is indispensable for the quality of health care provided to the child / family in this condition. AIM: Identify the CPP training needs and analyze the relationship with sociodemographic, professional and coping variables adopted. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out with a non-probabilistic sample of 102 health professionals from a public hospital, in the central region of Portugal. An on-line questionnaire was used with sociodemographic and professional characterization questions, an adaptation of the scale of training needs in palliative care (Candeias, 2009), the coping scale (Carver, 1997) validated for the Portuguese population by Pais Ribeiro & Rodrigues (2004). RESULTS: From the professionals, 39.2% admitted a moderate need of education in Palliative care and 32.4% high needs. Only 10.8% of the professionals had educational training in the area and these were the only variable that interfered with the educational needs. We identify 4 dimensions lacking in education: Palliative care conception, Emotional Aspects of Caring, Teamwork and skills development. The coping strategies most frequently adopted vary with gender, category and time of professional exercise, and are mainly focused on adaptive strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The professionals identify areas of training and variables that predict the coping resources to adopt, in order to find a balance between the sources of stress and personal and professional satisfaction.

CONTEXTO: Cuidar al niño con enfermedad crónica compleja (ECC), limitante o amenazante de vida es una tarea multidimensional, compleja y desafiante. La formación en cuidados paliativos pediátricos (CPP) es indispensable para la calidad de la atención de salud prestada al niño / familia. OBJETIVO(S): Identificar las necesidades de formación de los profesionales en CPP y analizar la relacione con las variables sociodemográficas, profesionales y las estrategias de coping adoptadas. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal e descriptivo realizado en una muestra no probabilística de 102 profesionales de la salud de un hospital público en el centro de Portugal. Se utilizó un cuestionario en línea de la caracterización sociodemográfica y profesional una adaptación de la escala de las necesidades de formación en cuidados paliativos (Candeias 2009) y Escala de Coping (Carver, 1997) validados para la población portuguesa por País y Ribeiro Rodrigues (2004). RESULTADOS: En cuanto a la necesidad de formación en CPP, el 39,2% de los profesionales admite una necesidad moderada y 32,4% alta necesidad. Sólo el 10,8% ya hizo formación en el área. Tener formación en CPP se asumió como la única variable que interfirió en las necesidades de formación de los profesionales en CPP.Identificadas 4 dimensiones con carencias de formación: Concepción de los CPP; los aspectos emocionales del cuidar; trabajo en equipo y desarrollo de competencias en CPP. Las estrategias de coping más frecuentemente adoptadas varían con el género, categoría y tiempo de ejercicio profesional, siendo mayoritariamente orientadas hacia estrategias adaptativas. CONCLUSIONES: Los profesionales identifican áreas de formación con necesidades de inversión y variables predictoras de los recursos de coping a adoptar, en el sentido de encontrar equilibrio entre las fuentes de estrés y la satisfacción personal y profesional.

Identificar práticas de enfermagem de qualidade no ambulatório de pediatria: revisão sistemáticada literatura / dentify quality nursing practices in the pediatric outpatient care: a systematic review

Introduction: Outpatient care philosophy has been growing in the past years. Looking to the premise of pediatric healthcare, the establishing of outpatient treatment has advantage, like shortening the deep impact caused by familiar environment detachment, everyday routines and habits. This paradigm implies an adaptation of nursing care services and practices, where quality improvement should focus on continuity of care at home. Objective: to identify recommendations evidence-based of good practices to child / family nursing interventions in an outpatient setting, that allows the definition of standards / quality indicators. Methodology: A Systematic Review of Literature was performed, supported on the Cochrane Handbook orientations of studies published between 2004-2017. The research was conducted on EBSCO and PUBMED databases and resulted in 97 studies. After applying relevance tests, 80 were excluded and 17 included in the methodology critical assessment, done independently by two reviewers and based on defined criteria. At end, five articles1,2,3,4,5 were included. Results: The recommendations identified for the quality of outpatient nursing care are mainly directed to surgical situations, namely, prevention and control of infections, given the high turnover of children; use of digital strategies for preoperative preparation, avoiding anxiety and promoting early discharge, by empowering the family; telephone contact to support and ensuring continuity of care; assessment of the post-surgical condition using the Ped-PADSS checklist, ensuring the early discharge. Conclusion: The results of this study allowed us to obtain recommendations for use in nursing practice of outpatient care and enable to the consequent quality improvement of nursing care provided to child and family

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Conhecimentos dos adolescentes sobre sexualidade e afetos / Adolescent knowledge on sexuality and affects

Background: In the school environment, sex education is included in health education, and it is essential to address it clearly in the various age groups. With a view to healthy sexuality, adolescents should acquire knowledge in this area. Objectives: To identify the interlocutor of adolescents, attending the 6th grade, to talk about sexuality and affections. To evaluate the effect of formative intervention on adolescents' level of knowledge on the subject. Methods: Longitudinal study in a short panel, conducted in an accidental nonprobabilistic sample, for convenience, consisting of 110 adolescents attending the 6th grade. A self-completed questionnaire with sociodemographic characterization of students / parents, a person with whom they talk about sexuality and affections and a scale of knowledge was used. Results: Participants are between 10 and 14 years old with an average of 11.53 (+/- 0.591SD). The adolescents are mostly male (60.1%), living in urban areas (82.5%) with their father and mother (82.2%). They revealed adequate knowledge on the theme of sexuality and affection (44.7%); they highlighted teachers as interlocutors to talk about sex (54.5%) and parents to talk about affect (60.0%). In the present study, it is the younger adolescents and those living in urban areas who have the best levels of knowledge about sexuality and affection. Conclusion: Adolescents improved their level of knowledge after the formative intervention on "Sexuality & Affections", a fact that reinforces the importance of this type of health education sessions in the school context

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Promoção da saúde mental das crianças: contributos dos enfermeiros / Promoción de la salud mental de los niños: contribución de los enfermeros / Promotion of children's mental health: nurses' contributions

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as intervenções de enfermagem para a promoção da saúde mental das crianças. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, B-On e CINAHL utilizando os descritores "promoção da saúde", "saúde mental", "criança", "enfermagem" ou "papel do enfermeiro" ou "enfermagem pediátrica" ou "enfermagem de atenção primária", com a combinação dos operadores booleanos "AND" e "OR". Foram elegíveis artigos completos dos últimos 10 anos, nos idiomas português e inglês, coadunando aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Realizou-se análise qualitativa com a construção de três categorias. Resultados Incluíram-se quinze artigos que descreviam as intervenções de enfermagem com as crianças e adolescentes na escola, junto da família e com a comunidade, sendo que a maioria abordava as intervenções na escola com ênfase para a promoção da resiliência e comportamentos saudáveis. Conclusão Os estudos analisados evidenciam a importância dos enfermeiros na promoção da saúde mental das crianças em programas de educação em saúde mental, sensibilização e apoio às necessidades psicoafectivas, biológicas e sociais. Apresenta-se um leque de intervenções a serem organizadas e desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros que trabalham na escola, com as famílias e em interligação com a comunidade.

Resumen Objetivo Describir las intervenciones de enfermería para la promoción de la salud mental de los niños. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, B-On y CINAHL utilizando los descriptores "promoción de la salud", "salud mental", "niño", "enfermería" o "papel del enfermero" o "enfermería pediátrica" o "enfermería de atención primaria", con la combinación de los operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR". Se incluyeron artículos completos de los últimos 10 años en los idiomas portugués e inglés, junto con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo con la construcción de tres categorías. Resultados Se incluyeron 15 artículos que describían las intervenciones de enfermería con niños y adolescentes en la escuela, junto con la familia y la comunidad, y la mayoría abordaba las intervenciones en la escuela con énfasis en la promoción de la resiliencia y comportamientos saludables. Conclusión Los estudios analizados demuestran la importancia de los enfermeros en la promoción de la salud mental de los niños en programas de educación en salud mental, sensibilización y apoyo a las necesidades psicoafectivas, biológicas y sociales. Se presenta un abanico de intervenciones que los enfermeros que trabajan en escuelas deben organizar y llevar a cabo, junto con las familias e interconectados con la comunidad.

Abstract Objective To describe nursing intervention to promote children's mental health. Methods This was an integrative review using PubMed, B-On, and CINAHL databases using the following keywords "health promotion", "mental health, "child", "nursing", or "role of nursing" or "pediatric nursing" or "primary nursing care", with combination of Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Full-text articles published in Portuguese and English within 10 years were included, after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A qualitative analysis with construction of three categories were included. Results We included 15 articles describing nursing interventions for children and adolescents at school, for family and community. The majority of interventions were approach at school with an emphasis on promotion of resilience and a healthy behavior. Conclusion The analyzed studies showed the importance of nurses to promote children's mental health in mental health education programs, sensibilization and support to psychoaffective, biologic and social needs. A large variety of interventions organized and developed by nurses were observed at school, with families and as well as in the interrelationship with community.

Identificação de emoções e sentimentos: estudo exploratório com alunos do ensino básico / Identificación de emociones y sentimientos: estudio exploratorio con alumnos de educación primaria / Identifying emotions and feelings: exploratory study with elementary and high school students

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a competência de alunos do 2º e 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico na identificação e diferenciação de emoções e sentimentos. Métodos Estudo exploratório de corte transversal, desenvolvido no âmbito do Projeto MaiSaúdeMental com referência CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-023293, desenvolvido na Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal. Foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 101 crianças/adolescentes. Foi utilizado um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e o Inventário de Identificação de Emoções e Sentimentos. Este é um inventário de auto-relato que avalia a capacidade das crianças/adolescentes identificarem e diferenciarem emoções e sentimentos, partindo de situações quotidianas. É composto por 15 itens que correspondem a 15 situações. A aplicação do questionário decorreu em sala de aula, após uma breve explicação do seu funcionamento e esclarecimento de dúvidas. No tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o programa informático Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ® (SPSS versão 24.0) e efetuada análise descritiva e analítica, considerando-se para análise dos testes o Intervalo de Confiança (IC) a 95% (significância p<0,05). Resultados Os alunos tinham entre 9 e 15 anos de idade e a maioria (27,7%) frequentava o 8º ano de escolaridade. Globalmente identificam poucas emoções e sentimentos, numa média de 13,36 pontos para um score máximo de identificação emocional de 39, sendo que em média identificam mais emoções e sentimentos positivos (5,11 pontos) do que negativos (4,33 pontos) e neutros (3,91 pontos). Para todas as dimensões os valores médios são mais elevados no sexo feminino e nos alunos de 14 anos, mas apenas significativos em algumas das diferenciações emocionais (p<0,05). Conclusão Os resultados encontrados vão ao encontro de investigações nesta área, concluindo-se que as crianças e adolescentes apresentaram fraca capacidade de identificação e diferenciação de emoções, evidenciando contudo maior capacidade de diferenciação emocional positiva do que negativa e/ou neutra. Verificou-se ainda que existem maiores competências de diferenciação e identificação emocional no género feminino e que essas competências aumentam com a idade.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la competencia de alumnos de 5° a 9° año de primaria en la identificación y diferenciación de emociones y sentimientos. Métodos Estudio exploratorio de corte transversal, desarrollado en el ámbito del Proyecto "MaiSaúdeMental" (Más Salud Mental), referencia CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-023293, llevado a cabo en la Escola Superior de Saúde del Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal. Se realizó con una muestra de conveniencia formada por 101 niños/adolescentes. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y el Inventario de Identificación de Emociones y Sentimientos. Es un inventario de autorrelato que evalúa la capacidad de los niños/adolescentes de identificar y diferenciar emociones y sentimientos, a partir de situaciones cotidianas. Se compone de 15 ítems que corresponden a 15 situaciones. La aplicación del cuestionario se realizó en el aula, luego de una breve explicación de su funcionamiento y esclarecimiento de dudas. Para el tratamiento de datos, se utilizó el programa informático Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ® (SPSS versión 24.0) y se realizó un análisis descriptivo y analítico, en el que se consideraron para el análisis de las pruebas el intervalo de confianza (IC) a 95% (significación p<0,05). Resultados Los alumnos tenían entre 9 y 15 años de edad y la mayoría (27,7%) estaba en 8° año de escuela. De forma global, identifican pocas emociones y sentimientos, un promedio de 13,36 puntos en una puntuación máxima de identificación emocional de 39, de modo que, en promedio, identifican más emociones y sentimientos positivos (5,11 puntos) que negativos (4,33 puntos) y neutros (3,91 puntos). En todas las dimensiones, los valores promedio son mayores en el sexo femenino y en alumnos de 14 años, pero poco significativos en algunas diferenciaciones emocionales (p<0,05). Conclusión Los resultados encontrados están en línea con las investigaciones de esta área, con lo que se concluye que los niños y adolescentes presentan poca capacidad de identificación y diferenciación de emociones, sin embargo se observa mayor capacidad de diferenciación emocional positiva que negativa o neutra. Además, se verificó que existen mayores competencias de diferenciación e identificación emocional en el género femenino y que esas competencias aumentan con la edad.

Abstract Objective To assess the competence of students from Grade 5 to 10 of elementary and high school to identify and differentiate emotions and feelings. Methods This was cross-sectional, exploratory study, carried out during the Project "MaiSaúdeMental" (More Mental Health), at the referall CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-023293, and developed in Escola Superior de Saúde of Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal. This was a convenience sample including 101 children/adolescents. A questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization and an Inventory to Identify Emotions and Feelings were used. This self-reporting inventory evaluated the capacity of children/adolescents to identify and differentiate their emotions and feelings, based on everyday situations. The questionnaire was composed of 15 items that correspond to 15 situations. The questionnaire was applied in the classroom, after a short explanation on how it worked and clarification to questions of participants. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ® (SPSS version 24.0) was used for data process, and a descriptive and analytical assessment was performed. The 95% confidence interval for the tests analysis was considered significant (p<0.05). Results The students were aged between 9 and 15 years old, and the majority (27.7%) was attending grade 8. In general, students identified few emotions and feelings, a mean score of 13.36 points for a maximum score of 39 of emotion identification, whereas on average they identify more positive emotions and feelings (5.11 points) than negative (4.33 points) or neutral (3.91 points). In all dimensions, mean values were higher in female students and in 14-year-old students, but slightly significant for some emotion differentiations (p<0.05). Conclusion The results found corroborate with investigations in this area. Children and adolescents have poor capacity to identify and differentiate emotions, although they show greater capacity to differentiate positive emotions rather than negative or neutral emotions. We also observed that female students have more competence to differentiate and identify emotions, and these competences increase with age.

Estudo comparativo da perceção de resiliência por pais e crianças/adolescentes / Estudio comparativo de la percepción de resiliencia por padres y niños/adolescentes / Perception of resilience in parents and children/adolescents: a comparative study

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar a auto-perceção de resiliência das crianças e adolescentes; analisar as diferenças na perceção dos pais e sua relação com algumas variáveis de contexto sociodemográfico. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado no âmbito do Projeto MaiSaúdeMental, numa amostra não probabilística de conveniência de 567 crianças e adolescentes, 50,6% do sexo feminino, idade entre 9-17 anos (média= 12,40; Dp= 1,59 anos) de escolas do ensino básico da região centro de Portugal e 592 pais (média idade= 40,43 anos; Dp= 2,58 anos). Utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e a subescala Internal Assets do Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (versão 6.0), adaptada à população Portuguesa por Martins (2005), composta por 18 itens e seis dimensões. Resultados Das crianças / adolescentes 78,8% moravam com os pais. Dos progenitores a maioria tinha entre 40 e 41 anos. A resiliência foi classificada como moderada por 47,8%, das crianças / adolescentes, numa distribuição idêntica pelos pais. O test-t mostrou que as crianças têm uma auto-percepção mais positiva de resiliência, face à percepção dos pais, com diferenças significativas em todas as dimensões (p <0,000). Os pais mais jovens têm uma perceção mais positiva da resiliência dos filhos, mas apenas significativa na empatia (p = 0,036) e resolução de problemas (p = 0,001). A resiliência diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da idade e escolaridade e foi mais elevada em crianças que vivem com os pais. Conclusão Os resultados do estudo evidenciam diferenças entre a perceção de resiliência nas crianças e pais, sendo esta influenciada por características sociodemográficas.

Resumen Objetivo Caracterizar la autopercepción de resiliencia de los niños y adolescentes; analizar las diferencias en la percepción de los padres y su relación con algunas variables de contexto sociodemográfico. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado en el ámbito del Proyecto "MaiSaúdeMental" (Más Salud Mental), en un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia de 567 niños y adolescentes, 50,6% de sexo femenino, edad entre 9 y 17 años (promedio= 12,40; Dp= 1,59 años) de escuelas primarias de la región centro de Portugal y 592 padres (edad promedio= 40,43 años; Dp= 2,58 años). Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y la subescala Internal Assets del Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (versión 6.0), adaptada a la población portuguesa por Martins (2005), compuesta por 18 ítems y 6 dimensiones. Resultados De los niños/adolescentes, 78,8% vivían con los padres. De los progenitores, la mayoría tenía entre 40 y 41 años. La resiliencia fue clasificada como moderada por el 47,8% de los niños/adolescentes, en una distribución idéntica por los padres. El test-T mostró que los niños tienen una autopercepción más positiva de resiliencia, frente a la percepción de los padres, con diferencias significativas en todas las dimensiones (p<0,000). Los padres más jóvenes tienen una percepción más positiva de la resiliencia de los hijos, pero poco significativa en la empatía (p=0,036) y resolución de problemas (p=0,001). La resiliencia se redujo significativamente con el aumento de la edad y escolaridad y fue más elevada en niños que viven con los padres. Conclusión Los resultados del estudio dejan en evidencia diferencias entre la percepción de resiliencia en los niños y padres, de modo que está influenciada por características sociodemográficas.

Abstract Objective To characterize self-perception of resilience in children and adolescents, and to analyze how this self-perception differs from the perception of their parents in correlation with sociodemographic variables. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted as part of the MAISaúdeMental (More Mental Health) project with a nonprobability convenience sample including 567 children and adolescents, 50.6% of whom were females aged between 9 and 17 years old (mean = 12.40; SD = 1.59 years old) enrolled in basic education schools from Central Portugal, and 592 parents (mean age = 40.43 years old; SD = 2.58 years old). A questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization was used, along with the Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (version 6.0) Internal Assets subscale, adapted to the Portuguese population by Martins (2005), composed of 18 items and 6 dimensions. Results Out of the total number of children/adolescents, 78.8% lived with their parents. Out of the total number of parents, most were between the ages of 40 and 41 years old. Resilience was classified as moderate by 47.8% of children/adolescents at an identical distribution in parents. The t-test showed children's self-perception of resilience to be more positive when compared to their parents with significant differences seen in all dimensions (p <0.000). Younger parents showed a more positive perception of their children's resilience, significant only for "empathy and respect" (0.036) and "problem-solving skills" (0.001). Resilience decreased significantly with age and higher education levels, and children living with their parents showed higher resilience. Conclusion Study results show differences between the perceptions of resilience in children and their parents, which are influenced by sociodemographic characteristics.

Influência sociodemográfica na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde dos adolescentes / Influencia sociodemográfica en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los adolescentes / Sociodemographic influence in health-related quality of life in adolescents

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, escolaridade e coabitação) que influenciam a perceção da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde dos adolescentes. Métodos Estudo descritivo-correlacional de natureza quantitativa, numa amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 567 adolescentes, a frequentar o 2º e 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico num Agrupamento de Escolas do centro de Portugal. Os participantes apresentavam média de idade de 12,4 anos (Dp=1,59), os rapazes entre 9-16 anos, e as meninas entre 10-17 anos, 50.6% do sexo feminino e a maioria coabita numa família nuclear (77,4%). Na coleta de dados utilizou-se a versão portuguesa da escala Kidscreen-52(1) e questões de caracterização sociodemográfica. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a julho de 2018 e o tratamento estatístico foi realizado utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS - versão 24.0). Resultados Os adolescentes têm uma perceção positiva da sua qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, com diferença estatística para a idade, teste Anova (F=31,980; p =0.000), para o ano de escolaridade, (F=15,293; p=0.000) e Coabitação (F=11,491; p=0.010). Conclusão Os rapazes apresentam uma melhor percepção sobre a qualidade de vida, assim como os adolescentes mais jovens e os que coabitam com os pais (mãe e pai).

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, escolaridad y cohabitación) que influyen en la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos Estudio descriptivo correlacional de naturaleza cuantitativa, en un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, constituido por 567 adolescentes que cursan de 5° a 9° año de primaria en un Agrupamiento de Escuelas del centro de Portugal. Los participantes tenían edad promedio de 12,4 años (Dp=1,59), los varones de 9 a 16 años y las mujeres de 10 a 17 años, 50,6% de sexo femenino y la mayoría cohabita en una familia nuclear (77,4%). En la recolección de datos se utilizó la versión portuguesa de la escala Kidscreen-52(1) y cuestiones de caracterización sociodemográfica. Los datos se recolectaron de enero a julio de 2018 y el tratamiento estadístico se realizó utilizando el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS - versión 24.0). Resultados Los adolescentes tienen una percepción positiva de su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, con diferencia estadística por edad, test Anova (F=31,980; p =0.000), por año de escolaridad, (F=15,293; p=0.000) y cohabitación (F=11,491; p=0.010). Conclusión Los varones presentan una mejor percepción sobre la calidad de vida, así como los adolescentes más jóvenes y los que cohabitan con los padres (madre y padre).

Abstract Objective To determine the sociodemographic variables (gender, age, level of formal education and cohabitation) that have influenced the perception of health-related quality of life of adolescents. Methods This was a descriptive, correlational and quantitative study including a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 567 adolescents. Of these, 50.6% were girls and attended 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education in grouping of schools in central Portugal. The participants mean age was 12.4 years-old (SD = 1.59), boys age ranged from 9 to 16 years-old and girls from 10 to 17, most of them lived within a nuclear family (77.4%). Data were collected from January to June 2018 using a Portuguese version of Kidscreen-52(1) scale along with a questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used for statistical analyses. Results Adolescents have a positive perception of their quality of life regarding health. A statistical difference related with age, One-way ANOVA test (F = 31.980; p = 0.000), school year (F = 15.293; p = 0.000) and cohabitation (F = 11.491; p = 0.010). Conclusion Boys present a higher perception of quality of life, as well as younger adolescents and those who live with their parents (mother and father).

A importância da resiliência e de um suporte social efetivo na vivência da gravidez e maternidade precoces / The importance of resilience and effective social support in the experience of early pregnancy and motherhood / La importancia de la resiliencia y de un soporte social efectivo en la vivencia del embarazo y maternidad precoces

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudo baseado no processo de intervenção de uma família que vivenciou uma gravidez e maternidade adolescente, não planeada, fruto de uma relação ocasional através de correspondência virtual. A resiliência constitui uma das variáveis descritas na literatura que parece conferir proteção para a adaptação à maternidade e que interfere no processo de vinculação. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da resiliência e de um suporte social efetivo numa adolescente que tenha experienciado gravidez e/ou maternidade precoces. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de caso não experimental, qualitativo, de follow-up. Avaliação e intervenção familiar desenvolvida em 3 momentos distintos, tendo sido utilizados como instrumentos de recolha de dados: entrevista, questionários, escalas e observação, tendo como referencial teórico-operativo o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar (Figueiredo, 2013). RESULTADOS: Numa primeira fase: Relação conflituosa com os progenitores, prévia à gestação precoce. No final da mesma, a jovem interrompe o seu percurso escolar. Após o parto, verificou-se uma (in)definição do papel parental: a avó exercia um papel superprotetor sobre o recém-nascido, sobrepondo-se à mãe nas diversas esferas (prestação de cuidados, vinculação). Follow-up: Exercício do papel parental da adolescente adequado, sem sobreposição de papéis. Vinculação forte e saudável entre jovem mãe e filho. Recém-nascido bem cuidado. Adolescente resiliente e satisfeita com o apoio que recebe da comunidade envolvente. Retoma o seu percurso escolar, pessoal, familiar e social. CONCLUSÕES: Mães adolescentes que beneficiam de um apoio social e familiar adequado, e que possuem fatores protetores de ordem individual e relacional conseguem atingir um nível favorável de adaptação à maternidade.

BACKGROUND: Study based on the intervention process of a family that experienced an unplanned adolescent pregnancy and motherhood, as a result of an occasional relationship through virtual correspondence. Resilience is one of the variables described in the literature that seems to confer protection for adaptation to motherhood and that interferes in the bonding process. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the influence of resilience and effective social support in an adolescent who has experienced early pregnancy and / or maternity. METHODS: Non-experimental, qualitative, follow-up case study. Evaluation and family intervention developed in 3 different moments, using as data-gathering instruments: interview, questionnaires, scales and observation, using as a theoretical-operational reference the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention (Figueiredo, 2013). RESULTS: In a first phase: Conflict relationship with the parents, prior to the early gestation. At the end of it, the young woman interrupts her school journey. After parturition, there was an (in) definition of the parental role: the grandmother played an overprotective role over the newborn, overlapping the mother in the various spheres (care, bonding). Follow-up: Adequate adolescent parental role exercise, without overlapping roles. Strong and healthy bonding between young mother and son. Well-baby newborn. Teen resilient and satisfied with the support she receives from the surrounding community. It resumes its school, personal, familiar and social journey. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent mothers who benefit from adequate social and family support and who have protective factors of an individual and relational nature manage to reach a favorable level of adaptation to motherhood.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Estudio basado en el proceso de intervención de una familia que vivió un embarazo y maternidad adolescente, no planeada, fruto de una relación ocasional a través de correspondencia virtual. La resiliencia constituye una de las variables descritas en la literatura que parece conferir protección para la adaptación a la maternidad y que interfiere en el proceso de vinculación. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la influencia de la resiliencia y de un soporte social efectivo en una adolescente que haya experimentado embarazo y / o maternidad precoces. METODOLOGIA: Estudio de caso no experimental, cualitativo, de seguimiento. La evaluación e intervención familiar desarrollada en 3 momentos distintos, habiendo sido utilizados como instrumentos de recogida de datos: entrevista, cuestionarios, escalas y observación, teniendo como referencial teórico-operativo el Modelo Dinámico de Evaluación e Intervención Familiar (Figueiredo, 2013). RESULTADOS: En una primera fase: Relación conflictiva con los progenitores, previa a la gestación precoz. Al final de la misma, la joven interrumpe su recorrido escolar. Después del parto, se verificó una (in) definición del papel parental: la abuela ejercía un papel superprotector sobre el recién nacido, superponiéndose a la madre en las diversas esferas (prestación de cuidados, vinculación). Seguimiento: Ejercicio del papel parental de la adolescente adecuado, sin superposición de papeles. Vinculación fuerte y saludable entre joven madre y hijo. Recién nacido bien cuidado. Adolescente resiliente y satisfecha con el apoyo que recibe de la comunidad circundante. Retoma su recorrido escolar, personal, familiar y social. CONCLUSIONES: Las madres adolescentes que se benefician de un apoyo social y familiar adecuado, y que poseen factores protectores de orden individual y relacional logran alcanzar un nivel favorable de adaptación a la maternidad.

Self-perception of parental competence in parents of pre-school children

BACKGROUND: The concept of self-perception of parental competence refers to how parents perceive their performance, beliefs and attitudes in their role as parents, the ability to address specific problems and find effective solutions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the self-perception of competence in parents of preschool children and the relationship with sociodemographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and observational study with 792 parents, women average age 34.15 (Dp = 5.01), men 36.1 years old (Dp = 5.34), living in Portugal. The analyse includes sociodemographic characterization and the Questionnaire d'Auto-Évaluation de la Compétence Éducative Parentale (QAECEP) (Terrisse and Trudelle, 1988) validated to the Portuguese population by Aparício (2012). RESULTS: The validation study of QAECEP indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.773). Self-perception of competence, and satisfaction is high in 51,1% of parents. The older parents see themselves as most competent and effective, with significant results for mothers (Chi-square = 21.755; P = .010). Parents with higher level of education perceive themselves as more satisfied, motivated and competent, but only significant for the mothers (P = .000). The high/medium familiar incomes influences significantly the perception of satisfaction, motivation and global parenting competence (P = .000). Feelings of low efficacy (P = .05) higher satisfaction (AR = 2.6) and global competence (P = .036) are significant in parents of younger children. CONCLUSIONS: Age, income and education level influences the self-perception of parental performance, so in health promotion activities is important to identify the parental feelings and increase their self-confidence in the defence of an positive parenting

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OC20 - Skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life.

UNLABELLED: Theme: Child protection and managing risk. BACKGROUND: Skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life has benefits for the mother and the newborn, as well as a major role in establishing breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding within the first hour of life. METHOD: A systematic review of literature followed by a quantitative and simple descriptive cross-sectional study, according to a non-probability analyzing of 382 clinic records of postpartum mothers. RESULTS: Evidence that early skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth is a potential sensory stimulus, which covers the newborn warming, tactile and active stimulation, respiratory rates and level of blood glucose, reduces baby crying and promotes breastfeeding. In the sample, about 92.6% of the mothers put the baby to the breast in the first hour of life, but only 26.6% made skin-to-skin contact with the baby. CONCLUSION: Despite the scientific evidence of the benefits of skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, this practice is still not widely used as, according to the study results, and is only applied to one in every four newborns.

Parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices about child feeding: relationship with preschooler’s weight status

BACKGROUND: Parental beliefs, attitudes and practices in children's nutrition may determine deviations in the acquisition of the child's food preferences and in their self-regulation, who can influence their nutritional status. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and their relationship to the child's nutritional status. METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study developed in a sample of 1393 parents (mother: mean = 34.47 years old; SD = 5.29; father: mean = 36.87; SD = 5.69), from 1424 children, average age 4.58 (SD = 0.99), living in some regions of Portugal. Children's anthropometric measurements were evaluated and classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000). The Child Feeding Questionnaire was used (Birch et al, 2001). RESULTS: Overall, 60.2% of children had normal weight, 5.5% underweight, 34.3% overweight (including obesity 17.4%), weight is significantly higher in males (36.8%) (Qui-square = 31.22; p = 0.000). Feeding practices that had higher mean values were perceived responsibility (mean = 13.43) and pressure to eat (mean = 14.21). Beliefs of concern, and practices of pressure to eat and reward are significantly higher in parents with lower income (p = 0.000). Performed a linear regression (stepwise method) between BMI and parental eating practices, we found that the greater concern about the child's weight (β = 0:24; p = 0.000) and greater practices of control (β = 0:12; p = 0.000), higher BMI and higher pressure to eat (β = -0.240; p = 0.000), the lower the child's BMI, explaining 12.4% of the BMI variability. CONCLUSIONS: These results are a further contribution to the evidences of the influence of controlling eating behaviour in the child's self-regulation capacity, with implications on their food behaviour and increasing the risk of future obesity. This highlights the importance of assessing the practices of families in nutrition education programs, adjusting them to the growth pace and profile of children

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Conflict in adolescent dating relationships: a study of factors involved.

BACKGROUND: Dating violence is a relevant current social and public health problem, not only due to adolescents exposure to risk of physical and mental injury, but also because it's at this age that romantic relationships begin with the possibility of these patterns of interaction to be perpetuated throughout life. The aim of this study is to characterize behaviours of violence and to identify the factors of conflict in adolescent dating relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transversal and correlational study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 243 mostly Portuguese adolescents, 56.0% female (mean age = 16.29 years; SD = 1.02), 71.2% living in rural areas and who attended between the 10th and 12th year at school. A socio-demographic questionnaire and on the contextual characteristics of dating was applied as well as a validated and adapted version for the Portuguese population of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. RESULTS: Of the adolescents, 91.7% live with their parents and the vast majority is dating or has dated. The victimization conflict behaviours superseded those of perpetration and the boys showed more conflict strategies (of the self and the other) compared to girls, while girls and older boys had demonstrated more non-abusive strategies of the self. The conflict behaviours were significant in adolescents who initiated their sexual activity earlier and non-abusive strategies when dating couples or friends talk about sex. CONCLUSIONS: The results justify the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education, using active methods with effective participation of everyone involved in the process.

Teens and dating: study of factors that influence attitudes of violence.

FRAMEWORK: Dating violence is a relevant social problem in adolescent and young adult romantic relationships. Particular attention has begun to be paid to it by the scientific community in the last two decades. It may involve a sexual, physical and psychological dimension, requiring different prevention and intervention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of socio-demographic and contextual variables on attitudes to dating violence. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study. Questionnaires to characterise socio-demographics and dating context and the Scale of Attitudes about Dating Violence (SADV), were applied to 243 adolescents attending the 10th, 11th and 12th years of schooling in a Portuguese secondary school. RESULTS: The adolescents are over 17 years in age (40.7%), with a predominance of girls (56.0%). They reside mainly in rural areas with most attending the 10th year. More than half live with their parents (91.7%). The vast majority are Catholic. Nearly all of the participants are dating or have dated. We found statistically significant differences in all types of violence with regards to gender, the religion they practice and adolescents who have had sexual relations. The type of violence exerted was mainly psychological. CONCLUSION: The results point to the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education using active methods with the effective participation of everyone involved in the process (adolescents, parents, teachers and health professionals). Only in this way will it be possible to develop healthy emotional relationship skills.

Conflict in adolescent dating relationships: a study of factors involved

Background: Dating violence is a relevant current social and public health problem, not only due to adolescents exposure to risk of physical and mental injury, but also because it’s at this age that romantic relationships begin with the possibility of these patterns of interaction to be perpetuated throughout life. The aim of this study is to characterize behaviours of violence and to identify the factors of conflict in adolescent dating relationships. Material and methods: Transversal and correlational study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 243 mostly Portuguese adolescents, 56.0% female (mean age = 16.29 years; SD = 1.02), 71.2% living in rural areas and who attended between the 10th and 12th year at school. A sociodemographic questionnaire and on the contextual characteristics of dating was applied as well as a validated and adapted version for the Portuguese population of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. Results: Of the adolescents, 91.7% live with their parents and the vast majority is dating or has dated. The victimization conflict behaviours superseded those of perpetration and the boys showed more conflict strategies (of the self and the other) compared to girls, while girls and older boys had demonstrated more non-abusive strategies of the self. The conflict behaviours were significant in adolescents who initiated their sexual activity earlier and non-abusive strategies when dating couples or friends talk about sex. Conclusions: The results justify the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education, using active methods with effective participation of everyone involved in the process

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Teens and dating: study of factors that influence attitudes of violence

FRAMEWORK: Dating violence is a relevant social problem in adolescent and young adult romantic relationships. Particular attention has begun to be paid to it by the scientific community in the last two decades. It may involve a sexual, physical and psychological dimension, requiring different prevention and intervention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of socio-demographic and contextual variables on attitudes to dating violence. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study. Questionnaires to characterise socio-demographics and dating context and the Scale of Attitudes about Dating Violence (SADV), were applied to 243 adolescents attending the 10th, 11th and 12th years of schooling in a Portuguese secondary school. RESULTS: The adolescents are over 17 years in age (40.7%), with a predominance of girls (56.0%). They reside mainly in rural areas with most attending the 10th year. More than half live with their parents (91.7%). The vast majority are Catholic. Nearly all of the participants are dating or have dated. We found statistically significant differences in all types of violence with regards to gender, the religion they practice and adolescents who have had sexual relations. The type of violence exerted was mainly psychological. CONCLUSION: The results point to the need to integrate the topic of dating violence in adolescent education using active methods with the effective participation of everyone involved in the process (adolescents, parents, teachers and health professionals). Only in this way will it be possible to develop healthy emotional relationship skills

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Nutritional status in preschool children: current trends of mother's body perception and concerns.

BACKGROUND: Studies in several countries indicate that parents show little concern and aren't much aware of the nutritional status of their children, and have the tendency to underestimate the overweight which may present a difficulty when promoting healthier life styles. The aim of this study was to identify maternal body image perceptions in preschool children and analyze its relationship with nutritional status and family social demographic variables. METHODS: A transversal and descriptive study was developed in a sample of 1424 preschool children and their mothers living in several parts of Portugal. The children were weighted and measured by trained personnel, the BMI was calculated and the nutritional status was classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000).(1) Mother's real and ideal body image perception from their children was evaluated according to Collins' body image silhouettes (1991).(2) RESULTS: The ideal and real perception was translated in a negative index on both children's genders, however 67.2% of the mothers revealed accuracy of perception, while 22.3% had a negative and 12.8% a positive discrepancy, being this significant concerning gender and age of the children. Children's actual weight status (ie, 60.2% normal weight, 16.9% overweight, 17.4% obese and 5.5% underweight) was significantly different from their parents' perceptions (ie, 52.3% normal weight, 27.5% overweight 0,6% obesity and 19.6% underweight) explaining in 25.9% the variability of this perception. Globally 42.3% has no discrepancy but 44.3% thinks that children were thin and 13.4% heavier. This difference is significant concerning the age and scholarship of the mothers but has no relation with the income and residence. CONCLUSION: Despite signs of a positive trend, mothers continue to show difficulty in recognizing the children's nutritional status, so effective public health strategies to increase parents' awareness could be the first step in an effort to prevent childhood obesity.

Genetic heritage as a risk factor enabling chilhood obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, it is an evidence that maternal obesity is an important predictor of obesity in the descendants, not being consensual if that influence comes from the interaction between genes and facilitators family contexts or both. OBJECTIVES: 1) To determinate the prevalence of the child overweight; 2) to classify the nutritional status and metabolic risk of the progenitors; 3) to analyze the effect of the markers of the family metabolic risk in the expression of the illness in the child. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study composed by 1424 children, average age 4.58 years old and their mothers, average age 34.47 years old, living in several parts of Portugal. The children's anthropometric measures were evaluated and classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000)(1) and of the progenitors by the orientations of the WHO (2000)(2) and Portugal, DGS (2005).(3) Social demographic data was obtained by filling in the Food Frequency Questionnaire adapted from Rito (2007).(4) RESULTS: The overweight affected 34.3% of the children, (including 17.4% obesity), being the higher values on boys (36.8%) and in 5 year old children (39.5). In 41.9% of the progenitors overweight was noted (12.1% obesity), being higher in mothers with low scholarship, low income, older and living in a rural area. The probability of the child to be overweighted was 1.4 times higher when mothers were overweight, and close to 2 times in the relationship mother/daughter. Others enabling factors were revealed, like weight gain above recommended during pregnancy and a higher weight at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the obtained interferences, it is accepted the existence of enabling factors of maternal and child markers in the development of overweight in the child, so that the prevention of child obesity should consider not only the environmental dimension but also the genetic heritage.

Sexual education in school context: the efficience of a training intervention.

BACKGROUND: Teenagers are a priority intervention group in sexual education. OBJECTIVES: To promote a model of training intervention based on the debate and critical reflection about sexuality in the context of the classroom, to test its efficiency and characterize teenagers in the sexual context. METHODS: It is a field experimental study with a non probabilistic sample of 56 teenagers (28 in the control and experimental group, respectively) with an average of 15 years of age (sd = 1.191). The evaluation protocol is the questionnaire which allows characterizing social demographic and sexual. It includes the scale of attitudes concerning sexuality,(1) attitudes concerning the birth control pill and condom,(2) scale of knowledge about family planning,(3) scale of knowledge about sexual transmitted infections(4) and scale of motivation to have or not to have sex.(5) RESULTS: Teenagers are an older experimental group, mostly of the male gender and live in a town. They have a dating relationship 39.3% mostly lasting between six months and one year, 35.7% has had sexual intercourse, 21.4% has sexual intercourse in their current dating relationship, 44.4% uses the birth control pill and 55.6% the condom, 67,9% has done emergency contraception and 92.9% considers to be important the use of condom. The training intervention was effective in the attitudes concerning the condom (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Educating to a conscious sexual life is the responsibility of everyone. The reflexive methodologies must be privileged, allowing the integration of knowledge and the change of attitudes, where the students' part is of maximum importance, being up to them, under supervision of the trainer, to post their doubts and collaborate in the pursuit of answers.

Nutritional status in preschool children: current trends of mother’s body perception and concerns

Background: Studies in several countries indicate that parents show little concern and aren’t much aware of the nutritional status of their children, and have the tendency to underestimate the overweight which may present a difficulty when promoting healthier life styles. The aim of this study was to identify maternal body image perceptions in preschool children and analyze its relationship with nutritional status and family social demographic variables. Methods: A transversal and descriptive study was developed in a sample of 1424 preschool children and their mothers living in several parts of Portugal. The children were weighted and measured by trained personnel, the BMI was calculated and the nutritional status was classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000).1 Mother’s real and ideal body image perception from their children was evaluated according to Collins’ body image silhouettes (1991).2 Results: The ideal and real perception was translated in a negative index on both children’s genders, however 67.2% of the mothers revealed accuracy of perception, while 22.3% had a negative and 12.8% a positive discrepancy, being this significant concerning gender and age of the children. Children’s actual weight status (ie, 60.2% normal weight, 16.9% overweight, 17.4% obese and 5.5% underweight) was significantly different from their parents’ perceptions (ie, 52.3% normal weight, 27.5% overweight 0.6% obesity and 19.6% underweight) explaining in 25.9% the variability of this perception. Globally 42.3% has no discrepancy but 44.3% thinks that children were thin and 13.4% heavier. This difference is significant concerning the age and scholarship of the mothers but has no relation with the income and residence. Conclusion: Despite signs of a positive trend, mothers continue to show difficulty in recognizing the children’s nutritional status, so effective public health strategies to increase parents’ awareness could be the first step in an effort to prevent childhood obesity (AU)

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